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Class 11 | CBSE | BIOLOGY
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

BIOLOGY CLASS 11 :

Class 11 Biology – Chapter 1: The Living World

Section: 1.1 Diversity in the Living World

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2–3 MARKS) WITH ANSWERS


Q1. What is biodiversity?

Answer:
Biodiversity refers to the number and variety of living organisms present on Earth. It includes diversity at the level of species, genes, and ecosystems. At present, about 1.7–1.8 million species have been identified.


Q2. Why is there a need for scientific naming of organisms?

Answer:
Scientific naming is required because:


Q3. What is binomial nomenclature? Name the scientist who proposed it.

Answer:
Binomial nomenclature is the system of naming organisms using two words:

  1. Generic name

  2. Specific epithet

It was proposed by Carolus Linnaeus.


Q4. Write the scientific name of mango and identify its components.

Answer:
Scientific name of mango: Mangifera indica


Q5. What is a taxon? Give two examples.

Answer:
A taxon is a category or unit of classification at any level.
Examples:


Q6. Define taxonomy.

Answer:
Taxonomy is the science of classification that includes:


Q7. Mention any two rules of binomial nomenclature.

Answer:

  1. Scientific names are Latin or Latinised

  2. Genus name starts with a capital letter, species with a small letter

  3. Names are written in italics or underlined when handwritten

(Any two)


Q8. What does the author’s name after a scientific name indicate?

Answer:
It indicates the scientist who first described the species.
Example: Mangifera indica Linn.
→ Described by Linnaeus


Q9. What is classification?

Answer:
Classification is the process of grouping organisms into convenient categories based on similar and observable characteristics to make their study easier.


Q10. How is systematics different from taxonomy?

Answer:
Systematics is broader than taxonomy because it also includes the evolutionary relationships among organisms, while taxonomy mainly deals with naming and classification.


LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (4–5 MARKS) WITH ANSWERS


Q1. Explain binomial nomenclature and list its rules.

Answer:
Binomial nomenclature is the system of naming organisms using two words—the genus and the specific epithet. It was introduced by Carolus Linnaeus and is universally accepted.

Rules:

  1. Names are Latin or Latinised

  2. Written in italics (printed) or underlined separately (handwritten)

  3. Genus starts with a capital letter

  4. Species starts with a small letter

  5. Author’s name may be written in abbreviated form

Example: Mangifera indica Linn.


Q2. Why is classification necessary? Explain with examples.

Answer:
Classification is necessary because:

Examples:

These categories help us associate common characteristics with organisms.


Q3. What is taxonomy? Describe the processes involved in taxonomy.

Answer:
Taxonomy is the scientific study of classification of organisms.

Processes involved:

  1. Characterisation – Studying features of organisms

  2. Identification – Determining the correct organism

  3. Classification – Grouping organisms into taxa

  4. Nomenclature – Assigning scientific names

All these processes together form the basis of taxonomy.


Q4. Explain the concept of taxa with suitable examples.

Answer:
Taxa are categories or groups used in classification at different levels.

Examples:

These taxa are related in a hierarchical manner, where a lower taxon fits into a higher one.


Q5. What is systematics? How has its scope changed over time?

Answer:
Systematics is the branch of biology that deals with the systematic arrangement of organisms and their evolutionary relationships.


EXAM STRATEGY (VERY IMPORTANT)

 Use definitions first
 Write examples wherever possible
 Underline keywords
 Follow NCERT terminology strictly


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